Fundamental Rights provided by which of the following groups of Articles are granted only to 'Citizens' of India?
Correct Answer: D. Articles 15, 16, 19 and 30
Explanation: Important Facts Fundamental Rights available only to citizens, not to foreigners: - Articles 15, 16, 19, 29, 30 Some fundamental rights are against individuals as well apart from the state - Articles 15(2), 17, 23 and 24 Also available against private individuals - Articles 15, 17, 18, 23, 24 Applies to any person of any nationality on Indian soil- Articles 14, 20, 21, 25 contain These have both negative and positive expressions - negative - i.e. impose restrictions/restrictions on the power of the state e.g. Ann. 14/15/16/20/2 positive - Provision of special facilities for individuals. For example, Articles 21(A), 25, 29(1), 30(1) Article 15: The state shall not discriminate against citizens on the basis of caste, sex, religion, place of birth, or race (five grounds); all citizens have equal rights. Article 16: Equality of opportunity in public employment. Article 19: The right to freedom, including freedom of expression, peaceful assembly, free movement, association, trade, and residence. Article 29: Protection of the interests of minorities. Article 30: The right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions. No right to determine curriculum.