Match list-I with list-II and choose the correct answer from the code given below- List-I List-II (Tirthankara) (Their cognition)

Correct Answer: D. A-(iii), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(iv)

Explanation: Tirthankara Symbol Rishabh Dev(Adinath) Vrishabh(Bull) Ajitnath Elephant Sambhavnath Horse Abhinandannath Monkey Sumatinath Goose (Swan/Saras) Padma Prabhu Lotus Suparshvanath Swastika Chandra Prabhu Crescent Moon Pushpadant Crocodile Sheetalnath Srivatsa Shreyansnath Sword Vasupujya Buffalo Vimalnath Boar Anantnath Porcupine Dharmanath Vajra (Thunderbolt) Shantinath Deer Kunthunath Goat Aranath Fish Mallinath Water Pot Subratnath Tortoise Naminath Blue Lotus Neminath Conch (Arishtanemi) Parshvanath Serpent Hood Mahavira Lion 4. Which of the following Doctrines are associated with Jainism? [RAS 2021] (i) Anekantavada (ii) Sarvastivada (iii) Sunyavada (iv) Syadvada Select the correct answer using the code given below- 1. (i) and (iv) 2. (ii) and (iv) 3. (i), (ii) and (iii) 4. (ii) and (iii) 5. Question Not Attempted Ans - (1) Explanation: Philosophy of Jainism The philosophy of Jainism is 'Anekantavada', 'Syadvada' and 'Anishwarvadita'. 'Eternity of creation' has been included in Jainism as a philosophy. Jainism rejects the existence of God and Vedas. Jainism accepts salvation and soul. Note - Syadvada is also called Anekantvad or Saptabhangi theory. Anekantavada - The doctrine of multiplicity of views. Anekantavada means that nothing has a fixed, decisive or definite aspect ; rather, when we make a comment about something (anek-anta), we have many possibilities or meanings. According to Jain philosophy, there are many objects in this world and each object has many qualities. These qualities are eternal and changeable. That is, there is eternity and changeability in objects. This is the 'Tattva Mimamsa Siddhanta' of Jain philosophy. Syadvada - The word "Syadvada" literally means "the process of analyzing different possibilities." According to this, the knowledge of elements is seen from different perspectives because the knowledge of the living being cannot be the same at every time. According to Jains, if we want to make a claim about something, we can give seven different statements instead of one conclusive argument. The name given to this belief is 'Syadvada'. PYQ’s Solution English 7 Our knowledge of anything is always one-sided or singular according to this view (Eka Antaka). On the other hand, the truth in every subject is multi-faceted or open in nature (Anek Antaka). There can be seven variations of knowledge. Hence this philosophy is also called Saptabhanginay. It is a development of the principle of Ahimsa, which encourages individuals not to violate the opinions or beliefs of others. This is the epistemological principle of Jain philosophy. Kshanikvada and Pratityasamutpada are related to Buddhism. Sarvastivada (Vaibhashika) An ancient Sect of Buddhist philosophy that holds that all things in the world exist in all three periods of time: past, present, and future, meaning that 'everything exists'. This Sect is also called Vaibhashika and was a major branch within the Hinayana system, along with Theravada and Sautrantika. Major Texts – Vasubandhu's Abhidharmakosa is a famous Sarvastivada text, which primarily includes the interpretations of the Kashmiri Vaibhashikas. Center – The main area of influence of this school was North India, especially Kashmir. Nihilism Two Major Meanings of Nihilism 1. Nihilism (Shunyata) of Buddhist Philosophy ● Sect/Tradition – The main tenet of the Madhyamika school of Mahayana Buddhism. ● Key Idea – ○ All things in the world are without nature (emptiness in itself). ○ They have no permanent, independent, or true existence. ○ Everything that is visible is the result of Pratityasamutpāda (interdependent origination). ● Difference – It differs from Vijnana (Yogacara/Vijnana) in that Vijnana (science) considers the mind or science to be the ultimate reality, while Nihilism holds that the mind is also void. 2. Moral Nihilism ● Definition – This is a state of moral philosophy that denies the existence of any objective moral truth or universal moral law. ● Key Idea – ○ "There is no universal moral truth." ○ All moral judgments are based solely on the beliefs of the individual or group. ○ This is an extreme form of moral relativism. ○ Thus, the philosophical form of nihilism (Buddhist nihilism) and the moral form (moral nihilism of Western philosophy) are both used in different contexts.