Select the incorrect statement from the following:

Correct Answer: A. El Nino and La Nina are a kind of storm.

Explanation: El Niño and La Niña are not storms, cyclones, or hurricanes but are large-scale ocean–atmosphere interactions affecting sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and air pressure patterns across the tropical Pacific Ocean. El Niño is a warm ocean current formed in the eastern Pacific Ocean every 2 to 5 years, which comes and gets established in place of the cold Peru Current / Humboldt Current. This current increases the temperature of the water of the Peru coast by 10°C. It has the following consequences- 1. Distortion in the equatorial atmospheric circulation 2. Irregularity in the evaporation of sea water 3. Decrease in the amount of plankton, which leads to decrease in the number of fish in the sea. Normally, along the coast of Peru and Ecuador, cold, nutrient-rich water from deep oceans rises to the surface — a process called upwelling. This supports abundant phytoplankton growth, which sustains rich fisheries (anchovies, sardines). During El Niño, warm water spreads eastward from the western Pacific, suppressing upwelling. As a result: Nutrient supply decreases Phytoplankton productivity falls Fish population collapses In La Niña, the normal conditions intensify: Trade winds (east-to-west winds along the equator) become stronger than usual. These winds push warm surface water westward toward Indonesia and Australia, allowing cold deep water to upwell near Peru and Ecuador. The result of which is: Cooler sea surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific. Increased rainfall over Southeast Asia and India. Dry conditions over the Pacific coast of South America. El Niño and La Niña are opposite phases of a single ocean–atmosphere climate system called the ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation). They occur periodically (every 2–7 years) and last 9–12 months, sometimes longer. ENSO effects: Global temperature and rainfall patterns Indian monsoon strength Cyclone frequency Drought and flood occurrence